diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 01b66a5e..dfeaece7 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -101,6 +101,8 @@ find_package(TBB REQUIRED)
 
 set(TEST_QUAKE_MAP_EXPORT_DIR "" CACHE PATH "When running unit tests, export Quake maps to this directory (useful for testing in game)")
 set(TEST_QUAKE2_MAP_EXPORT_DIR "" CACHE PATH "When running unit tests, export Quake 2 maps to this directory (useful for testing in game)")
+set(TEST_HEXEN2_MAP_EXPORT_DIR "" CACHE PATH "When running unit tests, export Hexen 2 maps to this directory (useful for testing in game)")
+set(TEST_HALFLIFE_MAP_EXPORT_DIR "" CACHE PATH "When running unit tests, export Half-Life maps to this directory (useful for testing in game)")
 
 add_subdirectory(3rdparty)
 add_subdirectory(common)
diff --git a/common/bspfile_generic.cc b/common/bspfile_generic.cc
index 3c950032..0081c19f 100644
--- a/common/bspfile_generic.cc
+++ b/common/bspfile_generic.cc
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ void dmiptexlump_t::stream_read(std::istream &stream, const lump_t &lump)
 
         // dummy texture?
         if (offset < 0) {
+            tex.null_texture = true;
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -159,12 +160,20 @@ void dmiptexlump_t::stream_read(std::istream &stream, const lump_t &lump)
         stream.seekg(lump.fileofs + offset);
 
         // calculate the length of the data used for the individual miptex.
-        int32_t next_offset;
+        int32_t next_offset = -1;
 
-        if (i == nummiptex - 1) {
+        // scan forward (skipping -1's) to find the next valid offset
+        for (int j = i + 1; j < nummiptex; ++j) {
+            // valid?
+            if (offsets[j] >= 0) {
+                next_offset = offsets[j];
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (next_offset == -1) {
+            // the remainder of the texures are missing, so read to the end
+            // of the overall lump
             next_offset = lump.filelen;
-        } else {
-            next_offset = offsets[i + 1];
         }
 
         if (next_offset > offset) {
@@ -185,7 +194,7 @@ void dmiptexlump_t::stream_write(std::ostream &stream) const
 
     // write out the miptex offsets
     for (auto &texture : textures) {
-        if (!texture.name[0]) {
+        if (!texture.name[0] || texture.width == 0 || texture.height == 0) {
             // dummy texture
             stream <= static_cast<int32_t>(-1);
             continue;
@@ -203,7 +212,7 @@ void dmiptexlump_t::stream_write(std::ostream &stream) const
     }
 
     for (auto &texture : textures) {
-        if (texture.name[0]) {
+        if (texture.name[0] && texture.width && texture.height) {
             // fix up the padding to match the above conditions
             if (stream.tellp() % 4) {
                 constexpr const char pad[4]{};
diff --git a/common/bspinfo.cc b/common/bspinfo.cc
index 04c50805..7525c64b 100644
--- a/common/bspinfo.cc
+++ b/common/bspinfo.cc
@@ -765,6 +765,11 @@ void serialize_bsp(const bspdata_t &bspdata, const mbsp_t &bsp, const fs::path &
         json &textures = (j.emplace("textures", json::array())).first.value();
 
         for (auto &src_tex : bsp.dtex.textures) {
+            if (src_tex.null_texture) {
+                // use json null to indicate offset -1
+                textures.insert(textures.end(), json(nullptr));
+                continue;
+            }
             json &tex = textures.insert(textures.end(), json::object()).value();
 
             tex.push_back({"name", src_tex.name});
diff --git a/include/common/bspfile_generic.hh b/include/common/bspfile_generic.hh
index cec995b7..454542b3 100644
--- a/include/common/bspfile_generic.hh
+++ b/include/common/bspfile_generic.hh
@@ -102,6 +102,10 @@ struct miptex_t
     std::string name;
     uint32_t width, height;
     std::vector<uint8_t> data;
+    /**
+     * set at read time if the offset is -1
+     */
+    bool null_texture = false;
 
     size_t stream_size() const;
 
diff --git a/testmaps.hh.in b/testmaps.hh.in
index e5e7486a..267784dd 100644
--- a/testmaps.hh.in
+++ b/testmaps.hh.in
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 inline const char *testmaps_dir = "@CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR@/testmaps";
 inline const char *test_quake_maps_dir = "@TEST_QUAKE_MAP_EXPORT_DIR@";
 inline const char *test_quake2_maps_dir = "@TEST_QUAKE2_MAP_EXPORT_DIR@";
+inline const char *test_hexen2_maps_dir = "@TEST_HEXEN2_MAP_EXPORT_DIR@";
+inline const char *test_halflife_maps_dir = "@TEST_HALFLIFE_MAP_EXPORT_DIR@";
diff --git a/testmaps/deprecated/hlwad.wad b/testmaps/deprecated/hlwad.wad
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6d75867e
Binary files /dev/null and b/testmaps/deprecated/hlwad.wad differ
diff --git a/testmaps/hl_basic.map b/testmaps/hl_basic.map
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c5c5cd3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testmaps/hl_basic.map
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Game: Half-Life
+// Format: Valve
+// entity 0
+{
+"mapversion" "220"
+"classname" "worldspawn"
+"wad" "deprecated/hlwad.wad"
+// brush 0
+{
+( -192 -64 -16 ) ( -192 -63 -16 ) ( -192 -64 -15 ) hltest [ 0 -1 0 0 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+( -64 -128 -16 ) ( -64 -128 -15 ) ( -63 -128 -16 ) hltest [ 1 0 0 0 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+( -64 -64 -16 ) ( -63 -64 -16 ) ( -64 -63 -16 ) hltest [ -1 0 0 0 ] [ 0 -1 0 0 ] 0 1 1
+( 64 64 16 ) ( 64 65 16 ) ( 65 64 16 ) hltest [ 1 0 0 0 ] [ 0 -1 0 0 ] 0 1 1
+( 64 192 16 ) ( 65 192 16 ) ( 64 192 17 ) hltest [ -1 0 0 0 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+( 256 64 16 ) ( 256 64 17 ) ( 256 65 16 ) hltest [ 0 1 0 0 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+}
+// brush 1
+{
+( -192 -384 -16 ) ( -192 -383 -16 ) ( -192 -384 -15 ) hltest [ 0 -1 0 0 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+( -64 -144 -16 ) ( -64 -144 -15 ) ( -63 -144 -16 ) hltest [ 1 0 0 0 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+( 64 -256 16 ) ( 65 -256 16 ) ( 64 -255 16 ) hltest [ 1 0 0 0 ] [ 0 -1 0 0 ] 0 1 1
+( 64 -256 304 ) ( 64 -255 304 ) ( 65 -256 304 ) hltest [ 1 0 0 0 ] [ 0 -1 0 0 ] 0 1 1
+( 64 -128 16 ) ( 65 -128 16 ) ( 64 -128 17 ) hltest [ -1 0 0 0 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+( 256 -256 16 ) ( 256 -256 17 ) ( 256 -255 16 ) hltest [ 0 1 0 0 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+}
+// brush 2
+{
+( -192 -48 -16 ) ( -192 -47 -16 ) ( -192 -48 -15 ) hltest [ 0 -1 0 16 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+( -64 192 -16 ) ( -64 192 -15 ) ( -63 192 -16 ) hltest [ 1 0 0 0 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+( 64 80 16 ) ( 65 80 16 ) ( 64 81 16 ) hltest [ 1 0 0 0 ] [ 0 -1 0 16 ] 0 1 1
+( 64 80 304 ) ( 64 81 304 ) ( 65 80 304 ) hltest [ 1 0 0 0 ] [ 0 -1 0 16 ] 0 1 1
+( 64 208 16 ) ( 65 208 16 ) ( 64 208 17 ) hltest [ -1 0 0 0 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+( 256 80 16 ) ( 256 80 17 ) ( 256 81 16 ) hltest [ 0 1 0 -16 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+}
+// brush 3
+{
+( -208 128 16 ) ( -208 129 16 ) ( -208 128 17 ) hltest [ -6.123233995736766e-17 -1 0 0 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+( 48 -128 -16 ) ( 47 -128 -16 ) ( 48 -128 -15 ) hltest [ 1 -6.123233995736766e-17 0 16 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+( -80 128 16 ) ( -80 129 16 ) ( -81 128 16 ) hltest [ 6.123233995736766e-17 1 0 0 ] [ 1 -6.123233995736766e-17 0 16 ] 90 1 1
+( -80 128 304 ) ( -81 128 304 ) ( -80 129 304 ) hltest [ 6.123233995736766e-17 1 0 0 ] [ 1 -6.123233995736766e-17 0 16 ] 270 1 1
+( -80 192 16 ) ( -80 192 17 ) ( -81 192 16 ) hltest [ -1 6.123233995736766e-17 0 -16 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+( -192 0 -16 ) ( -192 0 -15 ) ( -192 1 -16 ) hltest [ 6.123233995736766e-17 1 0 0 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+}
+// brush 4
+{
+( 256 128 16 ) ( 256 129 16 ) ( 256 128 17 ) hltest [ -6.123233995736766e-17 -1 0 0 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+( 512 -128 -16 ) ( 511 -128 -16 ) ( 512 -128 -15 ) hltest [ 1 -6.123233995736766e-17 0 0 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+( 384 128 16 ) ( 384 129 16 ) ( 383 128 16 ) hltest [ 6.123233995736766e-17 1 0 0 ] [ 1 -6.123233995736766e-17 0 0 ] 90 1 1
+( 384 128 304 ) ( 383 128 304 ) ( 384 129 304 ) hltest [ 6.123233995736766e-17 1 0 0 ] [ 1 -6.123233995736766e-17 0 0 ] 270 1 1
+( 384 192 16 ) ( 384 192 17 ) ( 383 192 16 ) hltest [ -1 6.123233995736766e-17 0 0 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+( 272 0 -16 ) ( 272 0 -15 ) ( 272 1 -16 ) hltest [ 6.123233995736766e-17 1 0 0 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+}
+// brush 5
+{
+( -192 -64 304 ) ( -192 -63 304 ) ( -192 -64 305 ) hltest [ 0 -1 0 0 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+( -64 -128 304 ) ( -64 -128 305 ) ( -63 -128 304 ) hltest [ 1 0 0 0 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+( -64 -64 304 ) ( -63 -64 304 ) ( -64 -63 304 ) hltest [ -1 0 0 0 ] [ 0 -1 0 0 ] 0 1 1
+( 64 64 336 ) ( 64 65 336 ) ( 65 64 336 ) hltest [ 1 0 0 0 ] [ 0 -1 0 0 ] 0 1 1
+( 64 192 336 ) ( 65 192 336 ) ( 64 192 337 ) hltest [ -1 0 0 0 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+( 256 64 336 ) ( 256 64 337 ) ( 256 65 336 ) hltest [ 0 1 0 0 ] [ 0 0 -1 0 ] 0 1 1
+}
+}
+// entity 1
+{
+"classname" "info_player_start"
+"spawnflags" "0"
+"angles" "0 0 0"
+"origin" "32 16 52"
+}
+// entity 2
+{
+"classname" "light"
+"spawnflags" "0"
+"_light" "255 255 128 200"
+"style" "0"
+"_fade" "1.0"
+"_falloff" "0"
+"origin" "40 8 200"
+}
diff --git a/testmaps/q1_missing_texture.map b/testmaps/q1_missing_texture.map
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6e9315fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testmaps/q1_missing_texture.map
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Game: Quake
+// Format: Valve
+// entity 0
+{
+"mapversion" "220"
+"classname" "worldspawn"
+"wad" "deprecated/free_wad.wad;deprecated/fence.wad;deprecated/origin.wad;deprecated/hintskip.wad"
+"_wateralpha" "0.5"
+"_tb_def" "builtin:Quake.fgd"
+// brush 0
+{
+( 96 32 208 ) ( 96 -192 208 ) ( 96 32 48 ) somemissingtexture [ 0 -1 0 -16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 0 1 1
+( 112 -192 48 ) ( 96 -192 48 ) ( 112 -192 208 ) somemissingtexture [ -1 0 0 -16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 180 1 1
+( 112 32 48 ) ( 96 32 48 ) ( 112 -192 48 ) somemissingtexture [ 1 0 0 16 ] [ 0 -1 0 -16 ] 180 1 1
+( 112 -192 208 ) ( 96 -192 208 ) ( 112 32 208 ) somemissingtexture [ -1 0 0 -16 ] [ 0 -1 0 -16 ] 180 1 1
+( 112 32 208 ) ( 96 32 208 ) ( 112 32 48 ) somemissingtexture [ 1 0 0 16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 180 1 1
+( 112 -192 208 ) ( 112 32 208 ) ( 112 -192 48 ) somemissingtexture [ 0 -1 0 -16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 0 1 1
+}
+// brush 1
+{
+( -144 -192 48 ) ( -144 32 48 ) ( -144 -192 208 ) somemissingtexture [ 0 1 0 16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 0 1 1
+( -144 -192 208 ) ( -128 -192 208 ) ( -144 -192 48 ) somemissingtexture [ -1 0 0 -16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 180 1 1
+( -144 -192 48 ) ( -128 -192 48 ) ( -144 32 48 ) somemissingtexture [ 1 0 0 16 ] [ 0 -1 0 -16 ] 180 1 1
+( -144 32 208 ) ( -128 32 208 ) ( -144 -192 208 ) somemissingtexture [ -1 0 0 -16 ] [ 0 -1 0 -16 ] 180 1 1
+( -144 32 48 ) ( -128 32 48 ) ( -144 32 208 ) somemissingtexture [ 1 0 0 16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 180 1 1
+( -128 -192 48 ) ( -128 -192 208 ) ( -128 32 48 ) somemissingtexture [ 0 1 0 16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 0 1 1
+}
+// brush 2
+{
+( -128 32 208 ) ( -128 16 208 ) ( -128 32 48 ) somemissingtexture [ 0 1 0 16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 0 1 1
+( 96 16 208 ) ( 96 16 48 ) ( -128 16 208 ) somemissingtexture [ 1 0 0 16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 180 1 1
+( -128 32 48 ) ( -128 16 48 ) ( 96 32 48 ) somemissingtexture [ 1 0 0 16 ] [ 0 -1 0 -16 ] 180 1 1
+( 96 32 208 ) ( 96 16 208 ) ( -128 32 208 ) somemissingtexture [ -1 0 0 -16 ] [ 0 -1 0 -16 ] 180 1 1
+( 96 32 208 ) ( -128 32 208 ) ( 96 32 48 ) somemissingtexture [ 1 0 0 16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 180 1 1
+( 96 32 48 ) ( 96 16 48 ) ( 96 32 208 ) somemissingtexture [ 0 -1 0 -16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 0 1 1
+}
+// brush 3
+{
+( -128 -192 48 ) ( -128 -176 48 ) ( -128 -192 208 ) somemissingtexture [ 0 1 0 16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 0 1 1
+( 96 -192 48 ) ( -128 -192 48 ) ( 96 -192 208 ) somemissingtexture [ -1 0 0 -16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 180 1 1
+( 96 -192 48 ) ( 96 -176 48 ) ( -128 -192 48 ) somemissingtexture [ 1 0 0 16 ] [ 0 -1 0 -16 ] 180 1 1
+( -128 -192 208 ) ( -128 -176 208 ) ( 96 -192 208 ) somemissingtexture [ -1 0 0 -16 ] [ 0 -1 0 -16 ] 180 1 1
+( -128 -176 48 ) ( 96 -176 48 ) ( -128 -176 208 ) somemissingtexture [ -1 0 0 -16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 180 1 1
+( 96 -192 208 ) ( 96 -176 208 ) ( 96 -192 48 ) somemissingtexture [ 0 -1 0 -16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 0 1 1
+}
+// brush 4
+{
+( -128 -176 208 ) ( -128 -176 192 ) ( -128 16 208 ) somemissingtexture [ 0 1 0 16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 0 1 1
+( 96 -176 208 ) ( 96 -176 192 ) ( -128 -176 208 ) somemissingtexture [ -1 0 0 -16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 180 1 1
+( 96 16 192 ) ( -128 16 192 ) ( 96 -176 192 ) somemissingtexture [ -1 0 0 -16 ] [ 0 -1 0 -16 ] 180 1 1
+( 96 16 208 ) ( 96 -176 208 ) ( -128 16 208 ) somemissingtexture [ -1 0 0 -16 ] [ 0 -1 0 -16 ] 180 1 1
+( -128 16 208 ) ( -128 16 192 ) ( 96 16 208 ) somemissingtexture [ 1 0 0 16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 180 1 1
+( 96 16 208 ) ( 96 16 192 ) ( 96 -176 208 ) somemissingtexture [ 0 -1 0 -16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 0 1 1
+}
+// brush 5
+{
+( -128 16 48 ) ( -128 16 64 ) ( -128 -176 48 ) somemissingtexture [ 0 1 0 16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 0 1 1
+( -128 -176 48 ) ( -128 -176 64 ) ( 96 -176 48 ) somemissingtexture [ -1 0 0 -16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 180 1 1
+( -128 16 48 ) ( -128 -176 48 ) ( 96 16 48 ) somemissingtexture [ 1 0 0 16 ] [ 0 -1 0 -16 ] 180 1 1
+( -128 -176 64 ) ( -128 16 64 ) ( 96 -176 64 ) somemissingtexture [ 1 0 0 16 ] [ 0 -1 0 -16 ] 180 1 1
+( 96 16 48 ) ( 96 16 64 ) ( -128 16 48 ) somemissingtexture [ 1 0 0 16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 180 1 1
+( 96 -176 48 ) ( 96 -176 64 ) ( 96 16 48 ) somemissingtexture [ 0 -1 0 -16 ] [ 0 0 -1 48 ] 0 1 1
+}
+}
+// entity 1
+{
+"classname" "info_player_start"
+"origin" "-56 -96 120"
+}
diff --git a/tests/test_qbsp.cc b/tests/test_qbsp.cc
index 3d466a4f..b4f7d2da 100644
--- a/tests/test_qbsp.cc
+++ b/tests/test_qbsp.cc
@@ -97,6 +97,10 @@ std::tuple<mbsp_t, bspxentries_t, std::optional<prtfile_t>> LoadTestmap(
         destdir = test_quake2_maps_dir;
     } else if (qbsp_options.target_game->id == GAME_QUAKE) {
         destdir = test_quake_maps_dir;
+    } else if (qbsp_options.target_game->id == GAME_HEXEN_II) {
+        destdir = test_hexen2_maps_dir;
+    } else if (qbsp_options.target_game->id == GAME_HALF_LIFE) {
+        destdir = test_halflife_maps_dir;
     }
 
     // copy .bsp to game's basedir/maps directory, for easy in-game testing
@@ -1449,8 +1453,9 @@ TEST_CASE("q1_wad_mapname" * doctest::test_suite("testmaps_q1"))
     CHECK(GAME_QUAKE == bsp.loadversion->game->id);
 
     CHECK(bsp.dtex.textures.size() == 2);
-    CHECK(bsp.dtex.textures[0].name == "skip");
-    CHECK(bsp.dtex.textures[0].data.size() == sizeof(dmiptex_t)); // no texture data
+    CHECK(bsp.dtex.textures[0].name == ""); // skip
+    CHECK(bsp.dtex.textures[0].data.size() == 0); // no texture data
+    CHECK(bsp.dtex.textures[0].null_texture); // no texture data
 
     CHECK(bsp.dtex.textures[1].name == "{trigger");
     CHECK(bsp.dtex.textures[1].data.size() > sizeof(dmiptex_t));
@@ -1763,7 +1768,7 @@ TEST_CASE("textures search relative to current directory")
     const auto [bsp, bspx, prt] = LoadTestmapQ1("q1_cwd_relative_wad.map");
     REQUIRE(2 == bsp.dtex.textures.size());
     // FIXME: we shouldn't really be writing skip
-    CHECK("skip" == bsp.dtex.textures[0].name);
+    CHECK("" == bsp.dtex.textures[0].name);
 
     // make sure the texture was written
     CHECK("orangestuff8" == bsp.dtex.textures[1].name);
@@ -1882,3 +1887,37 @@ TEST_CASE("q1_liquid_software")
         CHECK(inwater_undirected_edges.find(e) == inwater_undirected_edges.end());
     }
 }
+
+TEST_CASE("q1_missing_texture")
+{
+    const auto [bsp, bspx, prt] = LoadTestmap("q1_missing_texture.map");
+
+    REQUIRE(2 == bsp.dtex.textures.size());
+
+    // FIXME: we shouldn't really be writing skip
+    // (our test data includes an actual "skip" texture,
+    // so that gets included in the bsp.)
+    CHECK("skip" == bsp.dtex.textures[0].name);
+    CHECK(!bsp.dtex.textures[0].null_texture);
+    CHECK(64 == bsp.dtex.textures[0].width);
+    CHECK(64 == bsp.dtex.textures[0].height);
+
+    CHECK("" == bsp.dtex.textures[1].name);
+    CHECK(bsp.dtex.textures[1].null_texture);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("hl_basic")
+{
+    const auto [bsp, bspx, prt] = LoadTestmap("hl_basic.map", {"-hlbsp"});
+    CHECK(prt);
+
+    REQUIRE(2 == bsp.dtex.textures.size());
+
+    // FIXME: we shouldn't really be writing skip
+    CHECK(bsp.dtex.textures[0].null_texture);
+
+    CHECK("hltest" == bsp.dtex.textures[1].name);
+    CHECK(!bsp.dtex.textures[1].null_texture);
+    CHECK(64 == bsp.dtex.textures[1].width);
+    CHECK(64 == bsp.dtex.textures[1].height);
+}