diff --git a/include/common/parser.hh b/include/common/parser.hh
index 052217fc..b85cc08e 100644
--- a/include/common/parser.hh
+++ b/include/common/parser.hh
@@ -93,9 +93,9 @@ private:
     std::vector<untied_t<state_type>> _states;
 
 public:
-    virtual void push_state() override { _states.push_back(state()); }
+    void push_state() override { _states.push_back(state()); }
 
-    virtual void pop_state() override
+    void pop_state() override
     {
         state() = _states.back();
         _states.pop_back();
@@ -144,9 +144,9 @@ private:
     std::vector<untied_t<state_type>> _states;
 
 public:
-    virtual void push_state() override { _states.push_back(state()); }
+    void push_state() override { _states.push_back(state()); }
 
-    virtual void pop_state() override
+    void pop_state() override
     {
         state() = _states.back();
         _states.pop_back();
diff --git a/include/common/settings.hh b/include/common/settings.hh
index a08a9eaf..5f186d88 100644
--- a/include/common/settings.hh
+++ b/include/common/settings.hh
@@ -202,15 +202,15 @@ public:
 
     inline void reset() override {}
 
-    virtual bool parse(const std::string &settingName, parser_base_t &parser, bool locked = false) override
+    bool parse(const std::string &settingName, parser_base_t &parser, bool locked = false) override
     {
         _func();
         return true;
     }
 
-    virtual std::string stringValue() const override { return ""; }
+    std::string stringValue() const override { return ""; }
 
-    virtual std::string format() const override { return ""; }
+    std::string format() const override { return ""; }
 };
 
 // base class for a setting that has its own value
@@ -299,14 +299,14 @@ public:
     {
     }
 
-    virtual bool parse(const std::string &settingName, parser_base_t &parser, bool locked = false) override
+    bool parse(const std::string &settingName, parser_base_t &parser, bool locked = false) override
     {
         return parseInternal(parser, locked, true);
     }
 
-    virtual std::string stringValue() const override { return _value ? "1" : "0"; }
+    std::string stringValue() const override { return _value ? "1" : "0"; }
 
-    virtual std::string format() const override { return _default ? "[0]" : ""; }
+    std::string format() const override { return _default ? "[0]" : ""; }
 };
 
 // an extension to setting_bool; this automatically adds "no" versions
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ public:
     {
     }
 
-    virtual bool parse(const std::string &settingName, parser_base_t &parser, bool locked = false) override
+    bool parse(const std::string &settingName, parser_base_t &parser, bool locked = false) override
     {
         return parseInternal(parser, locked, settingName.compare(0, 2, "no") == 0 ? false : true);
     }
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ public:
 
     inline void reset() override {}
 
-    virtual bool parse(const std::string &settingName, parser_base_t &parser, bool locked = false) override
+    bool parse(const std::string &settingName, parser_base_t &parser, bool locked = false) override
     {
         // this is a bit ugly, but we run the parse function for
         // every setting that we redirect from. for every entry
@@ -379,9 +379,9 @@ public:
         return true;
     }
 
-    virtual std::string stringValue() const override { return _settings[0]->stringValue(); }
+    std::string stringValue() const override { return _settings[0]->stringValue(); }
 
-    virtual std::string format() const override { return _settings[0]->format(); }
+    std::string format() const override { return _settings[0]->format(); }
 };
 
 template<typename T>
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ class setting_numeric : public setting_value<T>
 protected:
     T _min, _max;
 
-    virtual void setValueInternal(T f, source newsource) override
+    void setValueInternal(T f, source newsource) override
     {
         if (f < _min) {
             logging::print("WARNING: '{}': {} is less than minimum value {}.\n", this->primaryName(), f, _min);
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ public:
         return this->_value > 0;
     }
 
-    virtual bool parse(const std::string &settingName, parser_base_t &parser, bool locked = false) override
+    bool parse(const std::string &settingName, parser_base_t &parser, bool locked = false) override
     {
         if (!parser.parse_token()) {
             return false;
@@ -451,9 +451,9 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
-    virtual std::string stringValue() const override { return std::to_string(this->_value); }
+    std::string stringValue() const override { return std::to_string(this->_value); }
 
-    virtual std::string format() const override { return "n"; }
+    std::string format() const override { return "n"; }
 };
 
 using setting_scalar = setting_numeric<vec_t>;
@@ -473,10 +473,10 @@ public:
     {
     }
 
-    virtual std::string stringValue() const override
+    std::string stringValue() const override
     {
         for (auto &value : _values) {
-            if (value.second == _value) {
+            if (value.second == this->_value) {
                 return value.first;
             }
         }
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ public:
         throw std::exception();
     }
 
-    virtual std::string format() const override
+    std::string format() const override
     {
         std::string f;
 
@@ -499,14 +499,14 @@ public:
         return f;
     }
 
-    virtual bool parse(const std::string &settingName, parser_base_t &parser, bool locked = false) override
+    bool parse(const std::string &settingName, parser_base_t &parser, bool locked = false) override
     {
         if (!parser.parse_token()) {
             return false;
         }
 
         if (auto it = _values.find(parser.token); it != _values.end()) {
-            setValueFromParse(it->second, locked);
+            this->setValueFromParse(it->second, locked);
             return true;
         }
 
@@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ public:
     {
     }
 
-    virtual bool parse(const std::string &settingName, parser_base_t &parser, bool locked = false) override
+    bool parse(const std::string &settingName, parser_base_t &parser, bool locked = false) override
     {
         if (auto value = parseString(parser)) {
             setValueFromParse(std::move(*value), locked);
@@ -536,9 +536,9 @@ public:
         return false;
     }
 
-    [[deprecated("use value()")]] virtual std::string stringValue() const override { return _value; }
+    [[deprecated("use value()")]] std::string stringValue() const override { return _value; }
 
-    virtual std::string format() const override { return _format; }
+    std::string format() const override { return _format; }
 };
 
 class setting_vec3 : public setting_value<qvec3d>
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ class setting_vec3 : public setting_value<qvec3d>
 protected:
     virtual qvec3d transformVec3Value(const qvec3d &val) const { return val; }
 
-    virtual void setValueInternal(qvec3d f, source newsource) override
+    void setValueInternal(qvec3d f, source newsource) override
     {
         setting_value::setValueInternal(transformVec3Value(f), newsource);
     }
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ public:
     {
     }
 
-    virtual bool parse(const std::string &settingName, parser_base_t &parser, bool locked = false) override
+    bool parse(const std::string &settingName, parser_base_t &parser, bool locked = false) override
     {
         qvec3d vec;
 
@@ -580,15 +580,15 @@ public:
         return true;
     }
 
-    virtual std::string stringValue() const override { return qv::to_string(_value); }
+    std::string stringValue() const override { return qv::to_string(_value); }
 
-    virtual std::string format() const override { return "x y z"; }
+    std::string format() const override { return "x y z"; }
 };
 
 class setting_mangle : public setting_vec3
 {
 protected:
-    virtual qvec3d transformVec3Value(const qvec3d &val) const override { return qv::vec_from_mangle(val); }
+    qvec3d transformVec3Value(const qvec3d &val) const override { return qv::vec_from_mangle(val); }
 
 public:
     using setting_vec3::setting_vec3;
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ public:
 class setting_color : public setting_vec3
 {
 protected:
-    virtual qvec3d transformVec3Value(const qvec3d &val) const override { return qv::normalize_color_format(val); }
+    qvec3d transformVec3Value(const qvec3d &val) const override { return qv::normalize_color_format(val); }
 
 public:
     using setting_vec3::setting_vec3;
diff --git a/include/light/light.hh b/include/light/light.hh
index ec57a0d2..9cec2044 100644
--- a/include/light/light.hh
+++ b/include/light/light.hh
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ public:
     public:
         using setting_int32::setting_int32;
 
-        virtual bool parse(const std::string &settingName, parser_base_t &parser, bool locked = false) override
+        bool parse(const std::string &settingName, parser_base_t &parser, bool locked = false) override
         {
             if (!parser.parse_token()) {
                 return false;
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ public:
             }
         }
 
-        virtual std::string format() const { return "[n]"; }
+        std::string format() const override { return "[n]"; }
     };
 
     class setting_extra : public setting_value<int32_t>
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ public:
     public:
         using setting_value::setting_value;
 
-        virtual bool parse(const std::string &settingName, parser_base_t &parser, bool locked = false)
+        bool parse(const std::string &settingName, parser_base_t &parser, bool locked = false) override
         {
             if (settingName.back() == '4') {
                 setValueFromParse(4, locked);
@@ -376,9 +376,9 @@ public:
             return true;
         }
 
-        virtual std::string stringValue() const override { return std::to_string(_value); };
+        std::string stringValue() const override { return std::to_string(_value); };
 
-        virtual std::string format() const override { return ""; };
+        std::string format() const override { return ""; };
     };
 
     setting_bool surflight_dump{this, "surflight_dump", false, &debug_group, "dump surface lights to a .map file"};
@@ -497,15 +497,15 @@ public:
     bitflags<lightfile> write_luxfile = lightfile::none;
     debugmodes debugmode = debugmodes::none;
 
-    virtual void setParameters(int argc, const char **argv) override
+    void setParameters(int argc, const char **argv) override
     {
         common_settings::setParameters(argc, argv);
         usage = "light compiles lightmap data for BSPs\n\n";
         remainderName = "mapname.bsp";
     }
 
-    virtual void initialize(int argc, const char **argv) override;
-    virtual void postinitialize(int argc, const char **argv) override;
+    void initialize(int argc, const char **argv) override;
+    void postinitialize(int argc, const char **argv) override;
 };
 }; // namespace settings
 
diff --git a/include/qbsp/qbsp.hh b/include/qbsp/qbsp.hh
index 7298cee8..70cc3c4a 100644
--- a/include/qbsp/qbsp.hh
+++ b/include/qbsp/qbsp.hh
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ public:
         _source = source::DEFAULT;
     }
 
-    virtual bool parse(const std::string &settingName, parser_base_t &parser, bool locked = false) override
+    bool parse(const std::string &settingName, parser_base_t &parser, bool locked = false) override
     {
         if (auto value = parseString(parser)) {
             if (changeSource(locked ? source::COMMANDLINE : source::MAP)) {
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ public:
         return false;
     }
 
-    virtual std::string stringValue() const
+    std::string stringValue() const override
     {
         std::string paths;
 
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ public:
         return paths;
     }
 
-    virtual std::string format() const { return "path/to/wads"; }
+    std::string format() const override { return "path/to/wads"; }
 };
 
 extern setting_group game_target_group;
@@ -221,14 +221,14 @@ public:
         "add a path to the wad search paths; wads found in xwadpath's will not be embedded, otherwise they will be embedded (if not -notex)"};
     setting_bool notriggermodels{this, "notriggermodels", false, &common_format_group, "for supported game code only: triggers will not write a model\nout, and will instead just write out their mins/maxs."};
 
-    virtual void setParameters(int argc, const char **argv) override
+    void setParameters(int argc, const char **argv) override
     {
         common_settings::setParameters(argc, argv);
         usage = "qbsp performs geometric level processing of Quake .MAP files to create\nQuake .BSP files.\n\n";
         remainderName = "sourcefile.map [destfile.bsp]";
     }
-    virtual void initialize(int argc, const char **argv) override;
-    virtual void postinitialize(int argc, const char **argv) override;
+    void initialize(int argc, const char **argv) override;
+    void postinitialize(int argc, const char **argv) override;
 
     bool fVerbose = true;
     bool fAllverbose = false;
diff --git a/include/vis/vis.hh b/include/vis/vis.hh
index 94e31fce..d3c2f3cc 100644
--- a/include/vis/vis.hh
+++ b/include/vis/vis.hh
@@ -232,13 +232,13 @@ public:
 
     fs::path sourceMap;
 
-    virtual void setParameters(int argc, const char **argv) override
+    void setParameters(int argc, const char **argv) override
     {
         common_settings::setParameters(argc, argv);
         usage = "vis calculates the visibility (and hearability) sets for \n.BSP files.\n\n";
         remainderName = "mapname.bsp";
     }
-    virtual void initialize(int argc, const char **argv) override;
+    void initialize(int argc, const char **argv) override;
 };
 
 } // namespace settings