diff --git a/include/qbsp/brush.hh b/include/qbsp/brush.hh
index 8ea0420f..ab34182a 100644
--- a/include/qbsp/brush.hh
+++ b/include/qbsp/brush.hh
@@ -73,12 +73,12 @@ struct bspbrush_t
     qvec3d sphere_origin;
     double sphere_radius;
 
-    void update_bounds();
+    bool update_bounds();
 
     std::unique_ptr<bspbrush_t> copy_unique() const;
 };
 
 using bspbrush_vector_t = std::vector<std::unique_ptr<bspbrush_t>>;
 
-bspbrush_t LoadBrush(const mapentity_t *src, const mapbrush_t *mapbrush, const contentflags_t &contents, const int hullnum);
-void CreateBrushWindings(bspbrush_t *brush);
\ No newline at end of file
+std::optional<bspbrush_t> LoadBrush(const mapentity_t *src, const mapbrush_t *mapbrush, const contentflags_t &contents, const int hullnum);
+bool CreateBrushWindings(bspbrush_t *brush);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/qbsp/brush.cc b/qbsp/brush.cc
index c24100e0..ab8faae8 100644
--- a/qbsp/brush.cc
+++ b/qbsp/brush.cc
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ Create all of the windings for the specified brush, and
 calculate its bounds.
 ==================
 */
-void CreateBrushWindings(bspbrush_t *brush)
+bool CreateBrushWindings(bspbrush_t *brush)
 {
     std::optional<winding_t> w;
 
@@ -231,13 +231,22 @@ void CreateBrushWindings(bspbrush_t *brush)
         }
 
         if (w) {
+            for (auto &p : *w) {
+                for (auto &v : p) {
+                    if (fabs(v) > qbsp_options.worldextent.value()) {
+                        logging::print("WARNING: {}: invalid winding point\n", brush->mapbrush ? brush->mapbrush->line : parser_source_location{});
+                        w = std::nullopt;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
             side->w = *w;
         } else {
             side->w.clear();
         }
     }
 
-    brush->update_bounds();
+    return brush->update_bounds();
 }
 
 /*
@@ -247,7 +256,7 @@ LoadBrush
 Converts a mapbrush to a bsp brush
 ===============
 */
-bspbrush_t LoadBrush(const mapentity_t *src, const mapbrush_t *mapbrush, const contentflags_t &contents,
+std::optional<bspbrush_t> LoadBrush(const mapentity_t *src, const mapbrush_t *mapbrush, const contentflags_t &contents,
     const int hullnum)
 {
     // create the brush
@@ -297,7 +306,9 @@ bspbrush_t LoadBrush(const mapentity_t *src, const mapbrush_t *mapbrush, const c
         }
     }
 
-    CreateBrushWindings(&brush);
+    if (!CreateBrushWindings(&brush)) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
 
     for (auto &face : brush.sides) {
         CheckFace(&face, *face.source);
@@ -451,8 +462,9 @@ static void Brush_LoadEntity(mapentity_t *dst, const mapentity_t *src, const int
          */
         if (hullnum != HULL_COLLISION && contents.is_clip(qbsp_options.target_game)) {
             if (hullnum == 0) {
-                bspbrush_t brush = LoadBrush(src, &mapbrush, contents, hullnum);
-                dst->bounds += brush.bounds;
+                if (auto brush = LoadBrush(src, &mapbrush, contents, hullnum)) {
+                    dst->bounds += brush->bounds;
+                }
                 continue;
                 // for hull1, 2, etc., convert clip to CONTENTS_SOLID
             } else {
@@ -497,22 +509,26 @@ static void Brush_LoadEntity(mapentity_t *dst, const mapentity_t *src, const int
         contents.set_clips_same_type(clipsametype);
         contents.illusionary_visblocker = func_illusionary_visblocker;
 
-        bspbrush_t brush = LoadBrush(src, &mapbrush, contents, hullnum);
+        auto brush = LoadBrush(src, &mapbrush, contents, hullnum);
 
-        brush.lmshift = lmshift;
+        if (!brush) {
+            continue;
+        }
 
-        for (auto &face : brush.sides) {
+        brush->lmshift = lmshift;
+
+        for (auto &face : brush->sides) {
             face.lmshift = lmshift;
         }
 
         if (classname == std::string_view("func_areaportal")) {
-            brush.func_areaportal = const_cast<mapentity_t *>(src); // FIXME: get rid of consts on src in the callers?
+            brush->func_areaportal = const_cast<mapentity_t *>(src); // FIXME: get rid of consts on src in the callers?
         }
 
-        qbsp_options.target_game->count_contents_in_stats(brush.contents, stats);
+        qbsp_options.target_game->count_contents_in_stats(brush->contents, stats);
 
-        dst->bounds += brush.bounds;
-        brushes.push_back(std::make_unique<bspbrush_t>(std::move(brush)));
+        dst->bounds += brush->bounds;
+        brushes.push_back(std::make_unique<bspbrush_t>(std::move(*brush)));
     }
 
     logging::percent(src->mapbrushes.size(), src->mapbrushes.size(), src == map.world_entity());
@@ -562,9 +578,10 @@ void Brush_LoadEntity(mapentity_t *entity, const int hullnum, bspbrush_vector_t
     qbsp_options.target_game->print_content_stats(*stats, "brushes");
 }
 
-void bspbrush_t::update_bounds()
+bool bspbrush_t::update_bounds()
 {
     this->bounds = {};
+
     for (const auto &face : sides) {
         if (face.w) {
             this->bounds = this->bounds.unionWith(face.w.bounds());
@@ -575,12 +592,16 @@ void bspbrush_t::update_bounds()
         // todo: map_source_location in bspbrush_t
 		if (this->bounds.mins()[0] <= -qbsp_options.worldextent.value() || this->bounds.maxs()[0] >= qbsp_options.worldextent.value()) {
 			logging::print("WARNING: {}: brush bounds out of range\n", mapbrush ? mapbrush->line : parser_source_location());
+            return false;
         }
 		if (this->bounds.mins()[0] >= qbsp_options.worldextent.value() || this->bounds.maxs()[0] <= -qbsp_options.worldextent.value()) {
 			logging::print("WARNING: {}: no visible sides on brush\n", mapbrush ? mapbrush->line : parser_source_location());
+            return false;
         }
 	}
 
     this->sphere_origin = (bounds.mins() + bounds.maxs()) / 2.0;
     this->sphere_radius = qv::length((bounds.maxs() - bounds.mins()) / 2.0);
+
+    return true;
 }
diff --git a/qbsp/brushbsp.cc b/qbsp/brushbsp.cc
index fca9a6ad..7bd58ebc 100644
--- a/qbsp/brushbsp.cc
+++ b/qbsp/brushbsp.cc
@@ -1040,6 +1040,7 @@ static std::unique_ptr<tree_t> BrushBSP_internal(mapentity_t *entity, std::vecto
     size_t c_faces = 0;
     size_t c_nonvisfaces = 0;
     size_t c_brushes = 0;
+
     for (const auto &b : brushlist) {
         c_brushes++;
 
diff --git a/qbsp/map.cc b/qbsp/map.cc
index c9c78cbf..cc1878fe 100644
--- a/qbsp/map.cc
+++ b/qbsp/map.cc
@@ -2824,10 +2824,12 @@ static void TestExpandBrushes(const mapentity_t *src)
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<bspbrush_t>> hull1brushes;
 
     for (auto &mapbrush : src->mapbrushes) {
-        bspbrush_t hull1brush = LoadBrush(src, &mapbrush, {CONTENTS_SOLID},
+        auto hull1brush = LoadBrush(src, &mapbrush, {CONTENTS_SOLID},
             qbsp_options.target_game->id == GAME_QUAKE_II ? HULL_COLLISION : 1);
 
-        hull1brushes.emplace_back(std::make_unique<bspbrush_t>(std::move(hull1brush)));
+        if (hull1brush) {
+            hull1brushes.emplace_back(std::make_unique<bspbrush_t>(std::move(*hull1brush)));
+        }
     }
 
     WriteBspBrushMap("expanded.map", hull1brushes);
diff --git a/tests/test_qbsp.cc b/tests/test_qbsp.cc
index 8901ee1a..83b51e7d 100644
--- a/tests/test_qbsp.cc
+++ b/tests/test_qbsp.cc
@@ -401,8 +401,8 @@ TEST_CASE("duplicatePlanes", "[qbsp]")
     REQUIRE(1 == worldspawn.mapbrushes.size());
     CHECK(6 == worldspawn.mapbrushes.front().faces.size());
 
-    bspbrush_t brush = LoadBrush(&worldspawn, &worldspawn.mapbrushes.front(), {CONTENTS_SOLID}, 0);
-    CHECK(6 == brush.sides.size());
+    auto brush = LoadBrush(&worldspawn, &worldspawn.mapbrushes.front(), {CONTENTS_SOLID}, 0);
+    CHECK(6 == brush->sides.size());
 }
 
 /**